other name: cervical spondylomyelopathy
Overview
Wobbler Syndrome, or Cervical Spondylomyelopathy, is a condition characterized by spinal cord compression in the neck due to abnormal bone development, excessive soft tissue growth, and/or disc displacement.
It’s most common in large and giant breed dogs, specifically Dobermans and Great Danes.
Causes
Wobbler Syndrome likely has several contributing factors, including genetics, rapid growth from overfeeding, abnormal body conformation, and repeated high-impact activities, such as jumping or rough play.
There are several changes in the neck that can lead to this condition:
- Abnormal bone development of the joints and bones of the neck
- Thickening of ligaments, often due to instability between vertebrae
- Herniated (slipped) discs that press on the spinal cord
No matter the underlying cause, the symptoms of Wobbler Syndrome come from continual pressure on the spinal cord in the neck from the above changes.
Clinical Signs
The most common sign of Wobbler Syndrome is a wobbly or uncoordinated walk. At first, the weakness is usually more noticeable in the hind limbs, but over time, all four legs can be affected. You might notice your dog dragging their toes when walking or see that their toenails are unusually worn down. The front legs may appear stiff or have a rigid movement. Usually mild or intermittent discomfort is noted.
In most cases, the condition develops slowly, with signs gradually getting worse over time. However, in rare cases, there can be a sudden worsening. This sudden decline is often due to a herniated disc pressing on the spinal cord.
Clinical signs can appear at any age, but dogs with abnormal bone development typically show symptoms earlier, around 1 to 2 years old. Dogs with ligament thickening and disc problems generally tend to develop signs later in life.
Diagnosis
MRI is the preferred diagnostic tool because it not only confirms the disease but also provides detailed information about the severity and type of spinal cord compression.
Treatment
In the early stages of the disease, especially when symptoms are mild, anti-inflammatory medications and pain relievers are commonly prescribed. Medications may be needed intermittently or indefinitely.
Limiting high-impact activities and providing controlled exercise are strongly recommended. Using a harness instead of a collar helps reduce unnecessary pressure on the neck.
As the disease progresses or in cases with severe compression, medications may become less effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be beneficial relieve pressure on the spinal cord. The specific surgical approach depends on the type of abnormality seen on MRI. The primary goal of surgery is to stop the disease from getting worse.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Wobbler Syndrome can vary greatly and depends on the severity and type of spinal cord compression. In mild cases, the prognosis is fair, especially if a controlled lifestyle can be maintained to minimize stress on the neck.
For cases with severe compressions, dogs will unlikely get better without surgery. The chances of a good outcome are better when the procedure is done early, while the dog is still able to walk.
Regardless of the treatment approach, it’s important to understand that symptoms can still progress over time.