Potassium Bromide (KBr) is a less commonly used anti-seizure medication in dogs, but it can be very effective for certain dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. It is generally well tolerated in dogs, but it cannot be used in cats. One important consideration is that it takes several months (usually 3–5 months) to reach therapeutic levels and to determine if it is helping control seizures.
We check bromide drug levels 3–5 months after starting the medication or adjusting the dose, and then typically every 12 months. While your dog is taking KBr, we also recommend a yearly physical and neurologic exam, along with routine bloodwork (CBC and chemistry panel) to ensure your pet is doing well on the medication.
Dosing
This medication is usually given once daily, ideally with food. In some cases, the dose may need to be split into two daily doses to help reduce stomach upset. While doses should not be missed regularly, the medication’s long half-life means that occasionally missing a dose is unlikely to cause worsening seizure control.
Possible Side Effects
Due to the long half-life of this medication, side effects may take a few weeks to months to appear. Possible side effects include:
- Temporary sedation and wobbliness: Some pets may take a few weeks to months to adjust to the medication.
- Increased thirst and urination:Â Your pet may drink more water and need to urinate more often. Do not restrict water, especially during the day.
- Increased appetite: Some pets may eat more, which can lead to weight gain. Monitor their food intake—just because they seem hungry doesn’t mean they should get extra food. Healthy treats, like vegetables, are a good option. Some pets may also develop inappropriate eating behaviors, such as chewing toys or getting into garbage.
- Pancreatitis:Â In rare cases, the medication can cause inflammation of the pancreas, leading to severe vomiting and diarrhea. This may require temporarily reducing the dose or discontinuing the medication entirely.
Additional Information
Your dog’s diet, especially the salt content, should remain very consistent while taking KBr. Changes in salt intake can affect bromide blood levels, which may lead to increased seizures or excessive sedation.
Your pet may also have elevated chloride levels in their bloodwork while on this medication. This is expected and not a cause for concern.