Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressant that works by inhibiting white blood cell activity and reducing antibody production. In veterinary neurology, it is most commonly prescribed as an adjunctive treatment for immune-mediated meningoencephalitis.
Because of the potential for side effects, blood work (CBC, chemistry panel, and electrolytes) should be performed after starting the medication and then 2–3 times per year while on therapy.
Dosing
This is an oral medication given twice daily in dogs and cats. Full immunosuppressive effects may take up to two weeks to develop.
Possible Side Effects
- Diarrhea (sometimes bloody) and vomiting: These are the most common side effects, typically appearing after 1–2 weeks. Often manageable with supportive care, but in severe cases the medication may need to be discontinued.
- Bone marrow suppression:Â This is rare, but may cause low red or white blood cell counts. This is why regular CBC monitoring is important.
- Liver toxicity:Â Uncommon but may require stopping the medication.
- Weight loss and decreased appetite: These have been reported in cats; an appetite stimulant may be used if needed.
Additional Information
Gloves should ideally be worn when handling mycophenolate. This medication should not be handled by pregnant women or children, as it can be absorbed through the skin and may pose health risks.